An introduction to the criminal justice system: from arrest to appeal

Though we rely on the criminal justice system to maintain law and order here in the UK, actually understanding how the system functions is easier said than done. However, for students of law, criminology or psychology at the University of Bolton, learning about the process in great detail is essential for their future careers. Are you also interested in pursuing a career in the criminal justice system? If so, here’s an overview of how the process actually works.

Step 1 — Arrest and investigation

When a serious crime is alleged, the investigation typically begins with the arrest and questioning of the suspect. Under common law, individuals have rights to protect them from unlawful detention and the right to legal representation, and an arrest does not necessarily mean charges will be brought.

Crime and Criminal Justice students at the University of Bolton study examples of police investigations to learn all about the root causes of criminal behaviour and the sociological factors behind crime. We will teach you how the police gather evidence, criminological theories and the investigative techniques you need to be successful in your career.

Step 2 — Charges and prosecution

If sufficient evidence is gathered, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) may decide to charge the suspect. This depends on whether there is a realistic chance of conviction and if seeking prosecution is in the public interest. Cases where evidence is weak or a witness is unreliable may be dropped.

If you’re interested in studying psychology, you should know that psychologists are often brought in at this point to assess the mental state of defendants and evaluate any underlying issues such as addiction or mental health disorders. Doing so can both help the police and also reduce the number of repeat offenders, so you’ll be making a real difference.

Step 3 — Going to trial

Once charges are brought against the suspect, the case goes to trial. The prosecution and defence present their arguments, evidence and witness testimonies before a judge (and in more serious cases, a jury) who delivers the verdict. The judge oversees the legal procedure and ultimately determines the sentence if the defendant is found guilty. If the defendant appeals their sentence, the Court of Appeal will review the case and determine whether to uphold or overturn the sentence.

Students of Law at the University of Bolton have the opportunity to practise their skills in the university’s dedicated moot court, where they learn how to present and challenge evidence, what their ethical responsibilities are, the roles of prosecution and defence and the importance of a fair trial in the justice system.

Fascinated by the legal process? Why not find out how the University of Bolton can support your career ambitions? Talk to us on 01204 903394 or email enquiries@bolton.ac.uk to experience #UniAsItShouldBe, where we are proud to put our students and their needs first.